What Does IBM’s $17 Million FCA Settlement Portend for Government Contractors Wrestling with Compliance?

Jennifer A. Short, Dominique L. Casimir, Brooke T. Iley ●

Jennifer A. Short headshot image

On Friday, April 10, 2026, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) announced a $17 million False Claims Act (“FCA”) settlement with International Business Machines (“IBM”), based on the company’s alleged violations of federal anti-discrimination laws. The settlement is the first under the DOJ’s Civil Rights Fraud Initiative, created last May with the objective of investigating and prosecuting “illegal DEI” practices, primarily through an FCA lens. Coupled with a new Executive Order—issued on March 26—that imposes contract prohibitions on “racially discriminatory DEI activities” in federal government contracts and subcontracts, the IBM settlement signals an escalation in the government’s focus on DEI programs and employment policies.

The DOJ Press Release and Settlement Agreement

The Alleged “Covered Conduct” Identifies Specific Problematic Practices. 

DOJ alleged that IBM improperly made employment decisions based on protected characteristics through specific programs and actions, described as the “Covered Conduct” for purposes of the settlement agreement:

  • Compensation Incentives: A “diversity modifier” linking bonus compensation to demographic targets
  • Hiring and Promotion Criteria: Basing interview eligibility or prioritization on race, sex, or national origin
  • Demographic Goals for Business Units: Developing race and gender targets tied to employment decisions
  • Limited-Access Programs: Limiting training, mentoring, and leadership development to employees meeting specific demographic criteria, such as minorities.

To read the full alert, please visit our website.

An Overview of the New DEI Executive Order: Scope and Limitations

Dominique L. Casimir ●

On March 26, 2026, President Trump signed Executive Order 14398 (“EO 14398”) titled Addressing DEI Discrimination by Federal Contractors, taking aim at the diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”) practices of federal contractors. EO 14398 ventures into territory already covered by the President’s prior DEI-related executive orders (“EOs”), in particular EO 14173, which requires a contractor certification regarding “illegal DEI,” but goes further. It directs federal agencies to include a mandatory contract clause prohibiting “racially discriminatory DEI activities” in all covered contracts and subcontracts, requires prime contractors to police the DEI practices of subcontractors at every tier, imposes new reporting requirements, and threatens a panoply of consequences for noncompliance, including contract termination, False Claims Act (“FCA”) exposure, and suspension and debarment. Like EO 14173, it also requires the government to “identify economic sectors that pose a particular risk of entities engaging in racially discriminatory DEI,” signaling the Administration’s ongoing desire to stamp out DEI. The accompanying White House Fact Sheet declares that the EO will ensure “merit-based and efficient contracting and employment.”

EO 14398 is likely to be challenged in court on a variety of theories, similar to the ongoing wave of EO 14173 litigation. Contractors will almost certainly question the EO’s scope and the ambiguity in its key terminology, as well as its enforcement assumptions.

To read the full alert, please visit our website.

Living With the EO 14173 Certification Requirement for Federal Contractors, One Year In

Dominique L. Casimir and Sara N. Gerber●

Throughout 2025, the Trump administration communicated that it considered Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (“DEI”) programs legally suspect. Executive Order 14173 (“EO” or “EO 14173”) declared that DEI programs “violate the text and spirit of our longstanding federal civil-rights laws” and directed agencies to “combat illegal private-sector DEI preferences, mandates, policies, programs, and activities.” The EO invoked the False Claims Act (“FCA”) to signal substantial financial exposure for federal contractors, and the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) established a Civil Rights Fraud Initiative to pursue claims. Throughout 2025, federal agencies presented government contractors with EO 14173 certifications, requiring contractors to agree that compliance with federal antidiscrimination laws is material to the government’s payment decisions under the FCA and attesting that any DEI programs do not violate federal antidiscrimination law. Many companies responded by undertaking privileged reviews of their DEI programs and, in some cases, rolling them back.

More recently, however, DOJ has vocally affirmed that DEI programs can in fact be lawful. At the Federal Bar Association’s FCA conference on February 19, 2026, Deputy Assistant Attorney General Brenna Jenny from DOJ’s Civil Division stated plainly: “Let me start by making absolutely clear, DOJ Civil Fraud is not investigating companies for having a DEI program.” She emphasized that companies “can engage in discrimination with or without DEI programs” and “can also operate a DEI program without it being discriminatory.” Instead, she explained that DOJ’s investigations focus on “companies that implemented programs and practices that pressured supervisors and management to make hiring and promotion decisions based on race or sex,” including setting and tracking demographic goals, tying executive compensation to diversity metrics, and requiring employees to set DEI-related goals that affect compensation and promotion. In Fourth Circuit litigation, DOJ conceded that there is “‘absolutely’ DEI activity that falls comfortably within the confines of the law.” Nat’l Ass’n of Diversity Officers in Higher Educ. v. Trump, No. 25-1189, slip op. at 26 (4th Cir. Feb. 6, 2026) (Diaz, C.J., concurring).

To read the full alert, please visit our website.

Decoupling from Chinese Chips: Unpacking the Proposed Section 5949 Supply Chain Ban

Robyn N. Burrows and Samarth Barot ●

Samarth Barot headshot image

In December 2022, we discussed the passage of Section 5949 of the Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act (“NDAA”), which introduced prohibitions on certain semiconductor products and services from designated Chinese manufacturers. At the time, the statute’s scope remained unclear, particularly regarding whether the restrictions would apply only to federal sales or extend to contractor “use” of covered technologies, similar to Section 889’s Part B prohibition. On February 17, 2026, the Federal Acquisition Regulatory (“FAR”) Council released a proposed rule that provides important clarity on these questions and establishes a compliance framework for government contractors.

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SBA Continues to Demand Unwarranted Repayment from Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program Recipients

Dominique L. Casimir, Shane A. Pennington, Elizabeth N. Jochum, and Amanda C. DeLaPerriere ●

The Small Business Administration (“SBA”) began demanding repayment of grant funds distributed to more than 600 businesses under the COVID-era Shuttered Venue Operators Grant (“SVOG”) Program in June 2025. The purpose of the SVOG Program was to provide emergency assistance to eligible businesses that organize, promote, produce, manage, or host live performing arts events. To be eligible for a grant under the SVOG Program, grantees had to submit extensive documentation satisfying the eligibility criteria under 15 U.S.C. § 9009a. Years later, well after the SBA determined that applicants were eligible for grant funds, and well after the approved grantees spent their grant funds as required under the terms of the grants themselves, the SBA is reversing en masse hundreds of it its own prior eligibility determinations and demanding repayment of grant funds in full, with potentially catastrophic effects for grantees. 

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Understanding the Potential Anthropic Ban: Key Considerations for Federal Contractors

Robyn N. Burrows and Merle M. DeLancey, Jr. ●

On February 27, 2026, President Trump posted on Truth Social directing all federal agencies to “immediately cease” use of Anthropic’s artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology. Simultaneously, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced on X he was designating the company a “supply chain risk to national security” and prohibiting federal contractors from doing any business with Anthropic. This unprecedented action against a domestic company has significant supply chain implications for government contractors. Below, we summarize what led to this development, the legal authorities pertaining to supply chain bans, and practical guidance for contractors navigating this evolving situation.

1. Background: From Contract Dispute to Presidential Directive

The conflict between Anthropic and the federal government emerged from a contract dispute over the company’s AI usage restrictions. Anthropic, which holds a $200 million Pentagon contract and was the first frontier AI company to deploy its models on classified government networks, maintained two “red lines” in its contract negotiations: it refused to allow its AI model, Claude, to be used for mass domestic surveillance of Americans or in fully autonomous weapons systems.

The Pentagon demanded that Anthropic agree to “all lawful use” of its technology without Anthropic’s proposed restrictions. Anthropic’s refusal led President Trump and Secretary Hegseth to announce their decisions against Anthropic on social media. Secretary Hegseth stated that Anthropic would be “immediately” designated a supply chain risk, prohibiting any federal contractor working with the military from “any commercial activity with Anthropic.”

Anthropic has announced it will challenge the supply chain risk designation in court, calling it “legally unsound.”

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Top 10 Points for Contractors from DOJ’s February 19 Comments on “DEI” Enforcement

Luke W. Meier ●

Yesterday, Brenna Jenny, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Commercial Litigation Branch, Department of Justice (“DOJ”) Civil Division, offered remarks on False Claims Act enforcement related to so-called “illegal DEI.” Other outlets have broadly recapped these remarks, a rare opportunity for direct insight into DOJ’s thinking on these issues.

Below are 10 key points for government contractors from the remarks of Ms. Jenny (who spoke for herself, and not officially for the DOJ).

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Blank Rome Welcomes Nicole Islinger as Partner in Washington, D.C., Strengthening Corporate Practice and Aerospace, Defense & Government Services Industry Team

Blank Rome LLP is pleased to announce that Nicole Islinger has joined the firm’s Washington, D.C., office as a partner in the Corporate, M&A, and Securities group and as a member of the Aerospace, Defense & Government Services (“ADG”) and Technology industry teams. She brings deep transactional experience centered on mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”), with substantial experience in government contracting, technology, and private equity. Nicole, who began her career as an associate at Blank Rome, rejoins the firm from Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.

“We are excited to welcome Nicole to our Washington, D.C., office and our national corporate practice,” said Grant S. Palmer, Blank Rome’s Chair and Managing Partner. “Her deep experience in government contracts M&A and her practical insight into the federal marketplace and procurement landscape will bring meaningful advantages to clients pursuing growth in the aerospace, defense, and government services sector. Nicole’s ability to help companies navigate the unique demands of federal acquisitions makes her a valuable addition to our national corporate team.”

Nicole is an experienced M&A attorney with a strong track record guiding companies through complex transactions in the government contracting and technology sectors. She has deep experience advising small business government contractors on founder-led, sell-side M&A, as well as buyers and sellers navigating the unique regulatory and commercial considerations of the federal marketplace. Her practice also extends to helping international companies enter and operate in the U.S. government contracting space, where she regularly advises on market entry strategies and related international trade considerations.

Read the full press release on our website.

GSA Issues New Framework for Protecting CUI in Contractor Systems

Michael Joseph Montalbano ●

Last month the General Services Administration’s (“GSA”) Office of the Chief Information Security Officer (“OCISO”) issued CIO-IT Security-21-112 Rev. 1, a procedural guide governing how Controlled Unclassified Information (“CUI”) must be protected when it resides in nonfederal contractor systems. Although styled as internal process guidance rather than a regulation, the document establishes a detailed approval framework that will determine which contractors are eligible for GSA contracts that include CUI.

Background and Scope

The guide, which implements GSA’s approach to safeguarding CUI, uses National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) SP 800-171, Revision 3, selected enhanced requirements from NIST SP 800-172, and selected privacy controls from NIST SP 800-53, Revision 5. It applies where CUI is resident in a contractor system that is not operated on behalf of the federal government, and therefore is not subject to the Federal Information Security Modernization Act or the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (“FedRAMP”). Use of this process requires coordination with OCISO and approval by the GSA Chief Information Security Officer. GSA intends to eventually incorporate these requirements into applicable contracts and solicitations.

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DOJ Announces Record-Breaking False Claims Act Recoveries in FY 2025: What the Stats Portend for 2026

Jennifer A. Shortand Oliver E. Jury ●

Jennifer A. Short headshot image

Fiscal Year (“FY”) 2025 yielded a historic high of over $6.8 billion in False Claims Act (“FCA”) settlements and judgments, underscoring the Department of Justice’s (“DOJ”) aggressive enforcement. DOJ’s annual report, released January 16, 2026, showed that healthcare fraud matters again dominated the lion’s share of the moneys recovered, accounting for more than $5.7 billion, and reaffirming the sector’s centrality to FCA priorities. Qui tam lawsuits also retained an outsized influence, representing approximately $5.3 billion in recoveries for both intervened ($3.0 billion) and declined ($2.3 billion) cases. On the flip side, that means the government recovered some $1.5 billion without the aid of an underlying whistleblower complaint. The pipeline of new cases looks robust moving forward: whistleblowers filed a record 1,297 new qui tam suits, and DOJ opened 401 new investigations.

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